Unhealthy Habits and Physiotherapy

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” In 2014, the Public Health Guidelines shifted focus from “acute disease treatment” to “management of lifestyle-related behavioral factors,” such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, poor nutrition, and low levels of physical activity. Physiotherapists play a crucial role in promoting healthy habits and increasing physical activity levels. According to WHO, health promotion is defined as “the process that enables individuals to control and improve their health.” Physiotherapists are healthcare professionals capable of addressing injuries or disabilities through treatments based on exercise prescription and education, improving habits and behaviors. In physiotherapy, obesity can be a risk factor for functional limitations; increased pain, for example, in the knee; a higher likelihood of developing issues such as osteoarthritis; and consequently, a greater risk of falls, reducing the quality of life. A tailored plan often combines mobility training, muscle mass and endurance exercises, cardiovascular programs, education, and communication with the patient. Consequently, recovery time after injuries or surgery tends to be longer for this population. Regarding alcohol consumption, it can interfere with the body's natural recovery process, impairing its ability to repair damaged tissues. Excessive intake leads to motor skill alterations, reduced strength, dehydration, nutritional imbalances, disrupted sleep patterns, weight gain, and cardiovascular complications. When an injury occurs, the body initiates an inflammatory process. However, alcohol consumption (an inflammatory agent) can exacerbate injury-related inflammation, causing more pain and delaying recovery. Similarly, tobacco use increases the likelihood of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, reducing exercise capacity and tolerance. It is essential for physiotherapists to promote physical activity, prescribe exercise, provide advice on improving overall health, and educate individuals on reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and chronic pain, such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption. Thus, during the rehabilitation process for injuries or disabilities, clients' lifestyles should be optimized and regarded as key to successful treatments and improved functionality.